A Brief Look at Climate Change - 669 Words

The global climate system is complex and its response to future anthropogenic greenhouse gases and to climate change adaptation, is often poorly understood. Climate change is an area where modeling in the framework of complex adaptive systems can improve our knowledge both with respect to the internal structure and adaptive mechanisms of climate and our capacity for designing efficient climate adaptation policies. Modeling of these systems includes a dynamic system consisting of transition equations describing the evolution of state variables characterizing the natural system, such as CO2 concentrations in the upper and lower atmosphere and in the oceans, and state variables characterizing the economic systems, such as physical capital and knowledge. The complex adaptive character of the system implies that the dynamic system will be nonlinear and nonconvex, will allow for nonlinear feedbacks and multiple basins of attraction, will evolve both in the temporal and spatial dimension, a nd will be influenced by forward looking optimizing economic agents (Xepapadeas, 2010). Moreover, any rational policy choice must consider the uncertainty about the magnitude and timing of climate changes impact on economic productivity (Cai et al., 2013). The majority of the literature, including the recent U.S. Government Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Carbon (IWG, 2013) does not model the stochastic nature of the climate and economic systems. Recent work, such as that of CaiShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Climate Change1461 Words   |  6 PagesThere is no doubt that climate change is happening around the world. Climate change is occurring everywhere, but not everyone can see it. Some people fail to realize that climate change is happening because they aren’t aware of what it is. According to the Oxford Dictionary, it is â€Å"the change in global climate patterns are attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.† Carbon dioxide is accumulating in the air, which captures the sun’s heat. In return, the earth isRead MoreA Brief Look at Climate Change1838 Words   |  7 PagesClimate change continues to be one of the biggest issues in the world today, both politic ally and economically because it aggravates average increases in the global temperature and contributes to rising seawater levels around the world, posing serious threats to human life. A required immediate response from the government to rectify the climate change problem includes penalizing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Hence a carbon tax should be aimed at: lowering GHGs emissions by penalizing pollutersRead MoreClimate Change in Earth1381 Words   |  6 Pagesmy view, climate change is the most severe problem that we are facing today-more serious even than the threat of terrorism. (King, 2004) were the wise words of Chief Scientific Advisor to the United Kingdom Government. For decades two major topics have been discussed from scholars to mere regular individuals. Rich people, the less fortunate, people from Canada or people from the Middle East, these two topics affect everyone. Those two topics are: climate change and tourism. Climate change can be definedRead MoreBp and Oil Spill996 Words   |  4 PagesBP was the  ªrst of these companies to change from a reactive to a proactive climate strategy formulation. In 1996, it withdrew from the oppositional Global Climate Coalition (GCC), which was characterized as the most powerful lobby organization in climate policy.28 BP then accepted the climate change problem as diagnosed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and gave its support to the Kyoto Protocol. In 1998 BP’s strategy formu- lation developed further in a proactive directionRead MoreHow Climate Change Is Inherently Flawed1230 Words   |  5 Pagesrenewed interest in the topic of climate change. In the 2016 Presidential election, the green party received over 1.2 million popular votes nationwide, when they usually receive only 100 thousand or so. With an increased interest in the topic of climate change, I feel it is necessary to provide factual data and projections on the path climate change will take to decrease misinformation. I proclaim the correct course of action to solve the problem of climate change is to do nothing. Almost every argumentRead MoreTaking a Look at Resilient Cities1778 Words   |  7 PagesResilient Cities is fairly simple, it identifies a problem that cities are subject to and offers possible solutions. Peak oil and climate change pose huge threats to cities in the near future. Many countries and cities have response plans for crises such as terrorism and natural disasters, but very few are equipped to handle the consequences of oil shortages or climate change disasters. Cities must adapt to this possibility by becoming resilient, or risk total collapse. In these one hundred and eighty-fourRead MorePollution Horticulture821 Words   |  4 Pagesindustry especially with the current economic climate(Hale, 2010). Organically grown plants are less guaranteed having a yield of 10-20% less on average than non organically grown(Leifert, 2010). another effect of pollution is climate change(Houghton, 2010). This undoubtedly will challenge commercial horticulture in a number of ways, firstly it will have a impact on irrigation(Jerry Knox et al, 2007). As the temperature in the UK rises due to climate change by an estimated 1-5 °C annually by the endRead MoreWhat We Know About Climate Change By Kerry Emanuel1140 Words   |  5 Pagestemperature or change within the gases that which compose the atmosphere. What We Know About Climate Change by Kerry Emanuel aims to address this issue of Earth’s vulnerability head-on as it suggests the plausible causes for the undeniable planetary warming observed in the last century all the while proposing pragmatic solutions to discontinue the unnatural processes credited with the abnormal warming. Brimming with absorbing and educative statistics and facts, What We Know About Climate Change first choosesRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Global Issue Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieves that global warming is a real issue that must be addressed. The world is now at the step in which it must take action to combat climate change. In the push to do this, many countries report their carbon emissions. However, in reporting our carbon emissions, many people are jumping to conclusions by wrongly pointing at China as most responsible for climate change. A Reuters article from April 13, 2015 titled â€Å"China to surpass U.S. as top cause of modern global warming† talked about how ChinaRead MoreSeattle Times Report : Climate Change1266 Words   |  6 PagesSeattle Times Report: Climate-change effects are already apparent in NW Review by Laura Sanders INTRODUCTION Seattle Times reporter Sandi Doughton wrote an article about the impacts climate change is having and could potentially have in the future on the Pacific Northwest. The article outlines the findings in the third National Climate Assessment, published in 2014. The National Climate Assessment summarizes the impacts on climate change on the United States and is compiled by a team of more

Men of Respect V.S Macbeth Essay - 738 Words

Compare and Contrast Essay In 1991, William Shakespeares great play Macbeth was re-created into a modern day version titled Men of Respect. Was the plays textual fidelity lost in transition during the making of the film, or did the film show total loyalty and devotion to the text and the feelings of the play? A closer examination of the characters/lines, classification between good and evil, and the use of light and dark will compare the many differences and similarities between William Shakespeares Macbeth and William Reillys Men of Respect. Set in present day New York (present as in 1991), the various warring kingdoms of the play become organized crime factions in the film, King Duncan becoming†¦show more content†¦2 31-32). This symbolizes the great guilt that Macbeth feels. He has alienated himself from God, even though this was the time he needed to blessed the most by God. This is the start of Macbeths great decent into insanity and evil. In William Reillys version of this scene ( which takes place in what seems to be a dark sewer) the lines remain very similar to Shakespeares, with only a very few amount of words changed, still allowing the audience to be captured by Macbeths true feelings In Macbeth, Shakespeare uses light and dark to bring out the ideas of good and understanding, and to show the audience the evil and hiding that takes place during the play. Just like Shakespeare, Reilly used light and dark to distinguish between the change of character in Macbeth. Unlike Shakespeare, Reilly also used the colour red in many of his scenes. Red demonstrated evil, and whenever red was used, it was clear that death was near. For instance, just before Mickey killed Charlie, they showed a quick glimpse of Ruthie Bataglia. The light that shown on her face was blood red. The theme of light and dark in Macbeth is portrayed with the candles, the shadows, the sun, and the witches. From its supernatural opening to its gruesome climax, ‘Macbeth is the Shakespeare play that reads most like a film script. DanielShow MoreRelatedA Character s Personality And Stereotypes During The Elizabethan Time Period1962 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeare highlights various themes relating to a character’s personality and stereotypes during the elizabethan time period. During Macbeth, Shakespeare extends the common theme by suggesting that many characters may be portrayed in a way that is not the reality of that character’s true personality. Many characters are deceiving and may not reveal their inner-self due to the predicted downfall of their image in society. This is the primary way that the other characters view others because theyRead MoreA Character s Personality And Stereotypes During The Elizabethan Time Period1962 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeare highlights various themes relating to a character’s personality and stereotypes during the eliza bethan time period. During Macbeth, Shakespeare extends the common theme by suggesting that many characters may be portrayed in a way that is not the reality of that character’s true personality. Many characters are deceiving and may not reveal their inner-self due to the predicted downfall of their image in society. This is the primary way that the other characters view others because theyRead MoreHM Case Study16624 Words   |  67 PagesStudies, a Practical Guide, the authors Ghauri, P. and Grohaug, K also mention two ways to conduct a research. These are qualitative method and quantitative method respectively and the comparison between them is given below: Table 1 Qualitative Methods V.S. Quantitative Methods Source: Ghauri and Grohaug, 2002, p.86 9 In some literature about research methods, it is often thought that structured and quantitative methods are more scientific and therefore better. However, on this book, the authors state

Subculture free essay sample

Being a mother is the most important subculture that I am a part of. It is what I spend most of my time doing. It is a twenty-four hours a day seven days a week job, but it is something would not change for the world. Regardless of your background, all mothers would agree that the perception of being a mother thrives on being the best mother you can be to the best of your ability. Most people who are mothers have the same values, and that is to raise happy, healthy and successful children.Most people go through their life and really do not think of subcultures. We rope off the kids at school, run to the store and pick up some items, maybe Stop by Cutbacks for a coffee then come home and get on the internet and read some blobs between checking emails before going back to school to pick up the kids. We will write a custom essay sample on Subculture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the meantime, we may have been exposed to numerous subcultures and not even realized it. When I think about subcultures, I think of the bad and seedy subcultures, like gangs and drug users.But there are a lot more out there. a subculture a culture (as of bacteria) derived from another culture, an act or instance of producing a subculture, an ethnic, regional, economic, or social rope exhibiting characteristic patterns of behavior sufficient to distinguish it from others within an embracing culture or society criminal subculture Merriam Webster. Therefore any likened people become a subculture. Since I started blobbing have learned that I am part of the whole subculture of Mommy Blobs. Until I started reading the blobs, I did not even know this subculture exists. But it does, It is quite large, diverse and powerful. Just look at all the products that are trying to influence the Mommy Blob community with giveaways and coupons. Speaking of coupons, I have recently discovered that there is a whole subculture around Coupling. There is some overlap between Coupling and the Mommy Blobs, but if you look hard enough, you will note that they are two distinct subcultures.Another subculture that I am a part of is being a military wife. Its interesting, this whole military life. Since we move so often, find myself every couple of years in the position of explaining why we do what we do to new neighbors, acquaintances, and friends. In one sense, it keeps me sharp and reminds me why this is important for our family. In another sense, it gets very wearisome. Military families, and kids who grow up in the military lifestyle, would definitely be called a subculture.Theres even a term for military/missionary kids who never put down permanent roots or who spend a good chunk of their childhood outside of their own country-third culture kids. And believe me, if you Google that term, what youll read is most depressing. So I dont much! So, as far as I can tell, I am the following subcultures; Mommy (blobs), Coupling and Military wife. Subculture free essay sample In defining MIMIC as the concept under which a company carefully integrates and co-ordinates its many communications channels to deliver a clear, consistent and compelling message about the organization and its products (p. 16) Consumers all over the world became more demanding and accurate in their choice.It has sharpened the competition between the companies, making the latter fight severely for their existing and potential customers. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to identify significant problems that might be an obstacle in immunization with young people from Europe to be able to work out successful marketing campaigns.The growing importance of European youth market is caused by several reasons: L] Teenagers tastes and preferences are different from those Of their Older generations; CLC Young peoples values have been seriously transformed since the past decade; 0 Economic situation in the major European countries favors average income increase of the family, which impacts the income of a teen aged child; D Youngsters become more and more independent as they pursue the goal of getting a part-time job to provide additional needs for themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Subculture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus, it increases their personal purchasing power; Youths perception of the world is different from their previous generations. Therefore, particular communication tools are needed to appeal to their feelings and tastes. Regarding all the reasons stated above, it is necessary to distinguish two sets of factors that might influence marketing programs for young people across Europe these includes objective factors and subjective ones. As for the first group, it comprises size of a family, income level, and social status to some extent.They are called objective, cause they are usually hard to influence, and are quite clear set. As for the second group, it is much broader. It consists of cultural factors, internal values, beliefs and life-styles. All those factors are going to be discussed more thoroughly in the subsequent paragraphs. In order to understand the process of marketing communication, it is reasonable to apply Charms model of communication. (Charms W. (1954) This is a circular model, which helps to explain how our potential customers get the information a firm transmits to them.Taking the example of European youth market, the model will take the following format: Message a firm is raying to send: products or services we produce are worth buying, they can bestially increase the level of your satisfaction. Encoder: mass-media (Mass-media is the best means of reaching the customers, as it embraces the largest audience and matches different levels of customers availability). Interpreter: friends, relatives, reference groups, opinions and declarations of famous or well-respected people in the media, social norms and beliefs that somehow explain or predispose our attitude or perception towards the message. For example, if the commercial states that soda can be healthy, the ember of a reference group, specifically family doctor, will deny the statement, thus influence Eng targeted audience to interpret the message differently. Decoder: TV, periodicals, radio etc. Those are specific means that bring the information, message and decode it for us. In order for the process of communication to be efficient, it is necessary for marketing specialist to think thoroughly on the each link of this circular chain.Before discussing communication mix programs for youth market in Europe, it is necessary to identify the components of these programs in order to be able to analyze each of them separately. Thus, a communication program is comprised of four main elements: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling and public relations (PR) (Cetera, 1990). These all components are usually used in a complex Way, which gives a chance to talk about integrated marketing communication mix. All elements of the mix have their own characteristics and specifications.Therefore, they have a different impact on the consumer. This is why it is so important to evaluate the possible outcome from using specific types of communication programs. Several alternatives should always be thought over. According to many searches and articles (mentioned in the reference list) young people become very sensitive, meaning that they deeply feel any failure and are very much afraid to make a mistake. Moreover, they become more individualistic and aspire to be distinguished among others, to show bright personality rather than conform to set standards.Such interesting conclusions make marketers think thoroughly how to offer certain information to youngsters, appealing to their deepest senses. For example, considering the desire to be not like others, to be peculiar, it is reasonable to emphasize, free choice, legibility, and individual approach in the commercials or advertising slogans of clothes stores. As for failure concerns of young people, it is the best to address to them an issue of fearlessness to be themselves, to react to any situations the way they want to, regardless any judgments.Those are just the examples of possible solutions inculcated in marketing communication programs aimed for young people across Europe. However, the problem is very deep to bid solely on the internal values that are changing. The reasons stated below are analyzed from various articles on young peoples attitudes ND the relevant case study for the assignment. The difficulties that might arise in the process of communication with young people concern the following issues: Cite group of products referred to as FMC (fast moving consumer goods). It is caused by the fact that tastes and pre ferences of young people are very different. Therefore, it is rather hard to find a universal approach that would appeal to tastes and values of the majority of young people. For example, today snickers is extremely popular chocolate bar. However, it is quite hard to predict what young people would prefer tomorrow, may be not chocolate but crispier. It will mean that market specialists need to find out what caused these changes in preferences and work out totally new communication program. Leisure services. As a rule, young people dont quite understand what they want and why. People usually can clearly define own interests only after 25, when their personalities are formed. Thus, it is rater difficult to formulate a message that would define why young people should choose this or that means or place to spend their free time. For example, most adults go to the movie theatres to relax. Therefore, the main factors that influence their choice of movie theatres are stance and the actual movie. Yet, teenagers adore good-looking interior design, existence of additional services CLC cafe, playing machines etc. 0 It is also hard to persuade young people in stable, substantial value of old famous brands. The nature of young people is unpredictable.They usually like experimenting and accept everything new, things they never tried before. Thus, their brand loyalty is very low. However, brand loyalty is what each and every firm, actually, pursues. Yet, as it was already mentioned, young people have changeable tastes. Thats why they are willing to switch brands whenever they want. In this situation marketers need to create and develop such a value that would be inherent in the nature of every young boy and girl. Moreover, they need to put much effort in working out communication program that would enforce brand awareness originally planned and thus strengthen brand loyalty of young people.CLC Consumption patterns can be a serious problem in communicating with young people a well. As the surveys show, you nesters are reluctant to accept anything that constrains them. Thats why they dont eat exactly healthy food, dont wear neat clothes, don t read right books etc. Yet, every firm while making product/services often expects it to be used as frequently as possible. Device justification can also be quite difficult for young people to communicate to. It is such a sensitive thing that would draw away a lot of potential customers, if they don ;t find the price reasonable.Even the product that has overwhelming value will not appeal to young people, if the price is too high so that the product becomes non-affordable. Thus, price setting is an important issue to justify, explain and properly present for young people to persuade them to make a purchase, to cake them understand that this product is worth such a price. Thus, it is necessary to notice that such areas as fast moving consumer goods, leisure services, old brands value, price justification and intended consumption patterns can present certain problems in communicating with young people across Europe.It is reasonable to distinguish two specific geographical areas of interest France and ASK. Comparison of these two quite different markets can give a clear example how marketing communication tools should work for different products. In our case, it is going to be clothes and beverages (soft drinks). According to Hypotheses model of cultural dimensions (Hefted, 1991), there exist five factors that describe nation as a whole. These are power distance index, masculinity index, individualism, uncertainty avoidance tendency and long-term orientation.All those indices are culturally shaped and designed to give somewhat clear image of how business can operate in the environment of a given country. Applying this model to France and UK, it is important to notice that: France appears to be the country where money and wealth give substantial power to their owners, upward mobility is rather emitted; trend toward individualism is quite vivid, yet, less clearly shaped than in ELK; gender differentiation exists to some point, however, its not very strong France is a highly rule oriented country, where all norms are set and should be followed. #61656; KICK, in turn, possesses many opposite characteristics. Is a country where equal opportunity is experienced quite well, people need persistence and intelligence to achieve what they want; vivid individualism is a hallmark of UK society; rules are not important here, people rely more on intuition and chance; therefore, business is oriented on kick perspective rather than long-term orientation.However, gender differentiation in UK is above average level, which might be quite concerning. Considering these characteristics, the following str ategy and tactics can be pursued in marketing communication mix for clothes and beverages in these two countries: Comparative analysis of marketing communication mix for clothes Common.Mix Element France UK Advertising Common appeal for both men and women should be used; Should emphasize femininity/masculinity; Sales promotion Coupons and price reduction would be highly effective Individual approach and designers device will work quite good PR Articles and pubic events should straighten all the points what benefits young people will get making their choice in favor of this or that brand Articles and public events should inform young people about latest fashion trends; should have unexpected conclusions and no definite solutions or obvious implications on what is good and bad Personal selling Sales personnel should explain all necessary details (how to wear, clean, iron etc. ); there should be definite arguments to support every single word said More appealing are sales personnels ma nners, behavior, and eloquence. Comparative analysis of marketing communication mix for soft drinks Common. Mix Elementary UK Advertising Common appeal for men and women; should underline specific benefits for each Should emphasize individual preferences of men and women (say, convenient can for women, and taste for men) Sales promotion The accent should be again on price reduction (two for the price of one, for instance) Price reduction.Yet, it is also important that young people choose themselves what kind of drink they would get in addition PR Sponsorship, community support, fundraising will be highly recommended Presentation off product, imputations, media coverage (articles, different kinds of mentioning in press) would be effective Personal selling It is not an effective tool, because it creates an impression of imposing personal point of view on a customer. It is not an effective tool, because it creates an impression of imposing personal point of view on a customer. European youth, as it was already mentio ned, hates pressure and constraints. The analysis of marketing communication mix for European youth market would be absolutely incomplete without defining specific factors that influence decision-making of young people. According to Kettle (1996), those factors can be classified as: 1 . Cultural factors: L] Culture / Subculture / Social class. For example, youngsters that belong to upper social class would consider below their dignity to buy cheap clothes. 2.Social factors: C] Referent groups/ Family and relatives / Roles and statuses. For example, the role of an elder brother is to be an example for the younger one. Thus, the former will buy appropriate clothes, accessories, drinks etc. As to show his younger brother how to behave. 3. Psychological factors: 0 Opinions and views / Motivation / Perception. Very often public judgments an discourage from purchasing certain things. In this case, marketers should predict such a threat forming and proclaiming values of self-esteem and individual choice. 4. Personal factors: C] Type of activity / Economic situation / Life style / Type of personality and perception of own self.Obviously, there exist a special segment of young people who lead active style of life. For those chosen, communication mix should be somewhat stronger and even aggressive, rather than mild for those who are quite passive in their every day life. In such a way, youth market represents a great potential for any company in the market. Yet, it also challenges market specialists, as it possesses substantial constraints, I. E. Issues that might be difficult to communicate to for young people. Thus, it is extremely important to analyze every element of communication mix, applying research and survey results, as well as cultural difference implications. In the latter case, Hypotheses model Of cultural dimensions can be of great help. However, it is necessary to always keep in mind that young people nowadays aspire to universal values; youths tastes change quickly; young people across Europe have become more independent, individual in heir preferences, and free in their choices.

Review Movie Cabinet of Dr Caligari Movie-Free-Samples for Students

Quetion: Write review of the movie Cabinet of Dr Caligari. Answer: Review of the movie The movie The Cabinet of Dr Caligari was released in the year of 1920 and it can surely be said that this movie is one of the milestones achieved by the German film industry. The main characteristics of the movie are the uneven direction, primitive camerawork and above all, the movie generates an anti-realistic and shaky ambience for audience. The central plot of the movie revolves around murder, mystical power and utmost horror (Reimer Zachau, 2017). The film presents the expressionist world of the terror tale that has been striking to the audience. In the movie, the grotesque painted shadows of the staircases and the streets, non-perpendicular chimneys, doors; exaggerated height of the furniture adds more to the uneasy feeling. In the film, the grotesque world is not at all a decorative stunt; rather it is the way Francis, the narrator looks at the world. It can be said that each aspect of the movie from the plot to the twists and the scenic design is arranged in a manner that serves the purpose of breaching all the general perceptions (Punter, 2015). Finally it can be said that nothing can be taken for granted and everything should be accepted as the only subjective expression of what can be perceived as real. Summary of the reading Age of expression was the golden era of German movie industry, and The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is one of the gems of the casket of the German film industry. In this context, it can be said that Griffiths greatest accomplishments were the realization of the power of atmosphere along with the dcor and texture of the taking of the shot. The German movies of that era generally focus on the mise-in-scene and psychology (Kaes, Baer Cowan, 2016). In most cases they used to shoot indoors and the movement of the camera used to be free. The popular German movies of the 20s are the examples of the extension of the Broken Blossoms that looked realistic but it was shot indoors. This particularly conveyed the psychological perceptions by the usage of lighting, costume, gesture and the design of the state and in most cases it tells a story of only a few individuals. The subjectivity in the German movies rarely seen to set off in brackets, rather in those movies, the boundary between the objective and subjective perceptions becomes indefinite. Summarizing the subject Thus to summarize the subject of the weeks reading, it can be said that the German movies of the great era of the 20s to early 30s are either mystical or realistic and psychological. One was infused in the orthodox German Romanticism and on the other hand, the other one portrays the neo German intellectual currents of Weber and Freud (Elsaesser, 2013). Mostly the movies regarding horrors and action surround the occult, mysterious and the metaphysical References Elsaesser, T. (2013).Weimar cinema and after: Germany's historical imaginary. Routledge. Kaes, A., Baer, N., Cowan, M. (Eds.). (2016).The Promise of Cinema: German Film Theory, 1907 1933(Vol. 49). Univ of California Press. Punter, D. (Ed.). (2015).A new companion to the Gothic. John Wiley Sons. Reimer, R. C., Zachau, R. (2017).German culture through film: an introduction to German cinema. Hackett Publishing.